Hortatory kelas XI

Hortatory kelas XI

Hortatory Exposition
Hortatory Exposition
A Hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to explain the listeners or readers that something should or should not happen or be done. To strengthen the explanation, the speaker or writer needs some arguments as the fundamental reasons of the given idea. In other words, this kind of text can be called as argumentation. Hortatory exposition text can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines, newspaper articles, academic speech or lectures, research report etc. Hortatory expositions are popular among science, academic community and educated people. The generic structure of Hortatory exposition usually has three components: (1) Thesis, (2) Arguments and (3) Recommendation.

A.Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition

1. Thesis : Statement or announcement of issue concern
2. Arguments : Reasons for concern that will lead to recommendation
3. Recommendation : Statement of what should or should not happen or be done based on the given arguments

B.Generic Features of Hortatory Exposition

1.A Hortatory exposition focuses on generic human and non human participants, except for speaker or writer referring to self.
2.It uses mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speaker thinks or feels about something. For example: realize, feel etc.
3.It often needs material processes. It is used to state what happens, e.g. ….has polluted… etc.
4.It usually uses Simple Present Tense and Present Perfect Tense.
5.Enumeration is sometimes necessary to show the list of given arguments: Firstly, secondly …, Finally, etc.


Now read this text of Hortatory Exposition!

A Campaign of the Importance of Reading

Thesis:

Reading habit is poor among Indonesians because most people haven’t realized the importance of reading

Argument 1

Reading is important to transform knowledge and technology. By reading, one knows the world. He or she will understand what he doesn’t see by himself or herself. The lines of the paragraphs in an article contain pieces of knowledge. The knowledge is needed to improve the quality of human’s life. Technology transformation from other country can only be done by reading a lot various sources of literature. Valuable books in libraries and bookstores mean nothing if they are not read.

Argument 2

Realizing the importance of reading will make someone motivated to read. When we know that something is very important because it can give us valuable information, we will try to get or do the thing. For example, a businessman who always follows latest information or news, will know what to do in his/ her business. He will make a good decision to make a transaction. Most people in all developed countries have realized the importance or reading and they have good reading habits. In bus and train stations, vehicles, waiting rooms, parks, people like reading. They enjoy reading which gives them valuable knowledge and inspiration.

Narrative text "Monkay and Crocodile

Narrative text "Monkay and Crocodile

One day a monkey wanted to cross a river. He saw a crocodile in the river, so he asked the crocodile to take him across the other side. The crocodile told the monkey to jump on its back. Then the crocodile swam down the river.
Now, the crocodile was very hungry, so when it was in the middle of the river, it stopped and said to the monkey, ”Monkey, my father is very sick. He must eat the heart of the monkey. Then he will be strong again.”
The monkey thought for a while. Then he told the crocodile to swim back to the river bank.

Spoof text

Spoof text

pa itu Soof Text? Spoof text adalah Teks yang berisi tentang cerita lucu. Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, pasti kalian suka mendengar cerita lucu, atau yang disebut anekdotsmile_teeth. Dalam membuat teks spoof, kalian harus bisa bermain kata-kata sehingga bisa menghasilkan suatu cerita lucu.

Jenis-jenis teks (Genre)

Jenis-jenis teks (Genre)

Pada artikel kali ini, saya akan membahas tentang Social function,Generic structure dan Language features dari 12 Genre, yaitu Procedure, Recount, Narrative, Description, News Item, Report, Analytical Exposition, Spoof, Hortatory Exposition, Explanation,Discussion dan Review


PROCEDURE

Social function Procedure: To help us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instructions or directions.

Text organization:
1. Goals ( the final purpose of doing the instruction)
2. Materials ( ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instructions)
3. Steps ( a set of instruction to achieve the final purpose)

Language features :

* Use of imperative ( Cut…….., Don’t mix……..)
* Use of action verbs (turn, put)
* Use of connectives(first, then, finally)


RECOUNT

Social function recount: To tell the readers what happened in the past through a sequence of events.

Generic Structure of Recount:

1. Orientation ( who were involved, when and where was it happened)
2. Events ( tell what happened in a chronological order)
3. Re-orientation ( optional – closure of events)

Language features Recount:

* Use of pronouns and nouns ( David, he, she)
* Use of action verbs in past (went, studied)
* Use of past tense ( We went for a trip to the zoo)
* Use of adverbial phrases
* Use of adjectives


NARRATIVE

Social function narrative: To amuse or entertain the readers with actual or imaginary experience in different ways. Narrative always deals with some problems which lead to the climax and then turn into a solution to the problem.

Generic Structure Narrative:

1. Orientation ( who was involved, when and where was it happened)
2. Complication ( a problem arises and followed by other problems)
3. Resolution ( provide solution to the problem)

Language features Narrative:

* Use of noun phrases ( a beautiful princess, a huge temple)
* Use of adverbial phrases of time and place ( in the garden, two days ago)
* Use of simple past tense ( He walked away from the village)
* Use of action verbs ( walked, slept)
* Use of adjectives phrases ( long black hair)


DESCRIPTION

Social Function descriptive: To describe a particular person, place or thing.

Generic Structure descriptive:

1. Identification (identify phenomenon to be described)
2. Description (describe parts, qualities, characteristics)

Language features descriptive:

* Focus on specific participants
* Use of attributive and identifying processes
* Frequent use classifiers in nominal groups.
* Use of the Simple Present Tense


NEWS ITEM

Social function news item: To inform readers or listeners about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic structure news item:

Tentang Quoted Speech dan Reported speech

24

Kamis,

Maret

Tentang Quoted Speech dan Reported speech

Kali ini kita akan membahas tentang Quoted Speech Reported Speech (kalimat langsung dan tidak langsung).

Quoted Speech sifatnya aktif, sedangkan Reported Speech Pasif.

Contoh:
Quoted Speech (EXACT) Reported Speech (Not EXACT)
Joshua said, "I love eating chocolate ice cream after dinner." Joshua said that he loved eating chocolate ice cream after dinner.


How are quoted speech and reported speech different? There are 5 things that are different:

1.

Quoted speech has quotation marks; reported speech does not use quotation marks.
2.

In reported speech, the pronoun often changes. For example, in the above sentence with quoted speech the pronoun I is used, whereas the sentence with reported speech uses the pronoun he.
3.

In reported speech, the word that is often used after said, but that is optional.
4.

Quoted speech is exactly what the person said.
5.

The verb in reported speech is changed to the past; some modal verbs do not change. There are rules to follow when changing the verb. Please see the chart below.



Contoh:
Quoted Speech (EXACT) Reported Speech (NOT EXACT)

Note

Jordan said, "I cook rice every day."


Jordan said that she cooked rice every day.


Jordan said, "I am cooking rice."


Jordan said that she was cooking rice.


Jordan said, "I cooked rice."


Jordan said that she had cooked rice.

Passive Voice

Passive Voice

Passive Voice
Kategori: Grammar - Dibaca: 1511 kali
Kalimat aktif merupakan kalimat yang subjek kalimatnya adalah pelaku sebuah tindakan, sedangkan kalimat pasif adalah kalimat yang subjeknya bukan pelaku suatu tindakan. Si subjek adalah si penerima akibat dari sebuah tindakan.

Bandingkan kalimat-kalimat berikut:

Aktif : Susi mengetik surat ini kemarin
Pasif : Surat ini diketik oleh Susi kemarin
Aktif : Kucingku membunuh seekor tikus
Pasif : Seekor tikus dibunuh oleh kucingku

Catatan:
Gunakan bentuk pasif jika pelaku tindakan tidak begitu penting.

Contoh:

Menara ini dibangun tahun 1955

Kalau kita perlu menyebut siapa pelaku suatu tindakan, gunakan kata oleh (by)

Contoh:

Menara ini telah dibangun oleh Pemerintah Daerah pada tahun 1955

Rumus umum untuk membentuk suatu kalimat Pasif

Aktif : S + Verb (Kata Kerja) + Objek + dll
Pasif : Objek + to be + Verb 3 (Kata Kerja Bentuk III) ( + by subjek) + dll

To be yang digunakan

Present : is, am, are
Past : was, were
Perfect : been (di depan have, has, atau had)
Future : be (setelah modals)
Continuous : being (di depan salah satu dari 7 to be di atas)

Hal-hal yang perlu diketahui dan diingat

Perface

Perface

PREFACE


Alhamdulillahi rabbil alamin, the writer express his gratitude tio the God almight that has guided and merced , so that the God could finish her writing in this makalah. Salawat and salam attended to the great prophet Muhammad SAW, it would not be possible to produce a work of this kind without assistance and guidance from many people. Therefore, the writer would like to express her sincere thanks to them particularly to the following individuals, they are :

Passive Sentencas

Passive Sentencas

Passive sentences in the Simple Past - Exercise

Explanation: Passive

Rewrite the given sentences in Passive voice.

Example:
Frank built a house.
_____________________

Report

Report

Reports are used for many purposes. They are to provide information about natural and non-natural phenomena, to document, to organize and store factual information on a topic, to classify and describe the phenomena about a whole class of things –living and non living, to describe the way things are. Reports can be used in textbooks, encyclopedias, scientific magazines, historical texts, factual reading books, reference books, classroom lesson, environment program, TV documentaries, magazines etc. a report text has its own generic structure. It has two components namely (1) general classification, (2) description.

Reports are principally not the same as descriptions although they can be used interchangeable.

A.Generic Structure of Report:

1.General Classification : tells what the phenomenon under discussion is
2.Descriptions : tells what the phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of: Parts (and their function), Qualities and Habits or behaviour

Notes:

1. Difference between reports and descriptions: Repots classify and describe a whole class of things e.g. “Houses”. By contrast, descriptive texts talk about on specific person, place or thing e.g. “My houses”. In short, reports deal with general classification and description of a thing while descriptions describe a particular thing.

2. The description can cover the facts about various aspects of the object (colour, shape, habits, behaviour etc), giving examples, comparing and contrasting, describing components and their functions.

B. Generic Features of Report

1. Report texts usually used Simple Present Tense, and seldom use past tenses (if the thing is extinct)
2. The language is neutral or should be objective: no expression of opinions, no reference to the reader (not using “I”, “we” or “you”).
3. Frequent use of “Passive Sentence”.
4. Use of “be”: is, am, are, was, were for the classification.
5. Use of verb “have”: have, has, had, in order to give detail description.
6. Use of action verbs related to the topic, especially when describing behaviours.
7. Use of adjectives in describing especially the qualities.
8. Often accompanied by photos, diagrams, maps and illustrations.

Hortatory Exposition

Hortatory Exposition

A Hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to explain the listeners or readers that something should or should not happen or be done. To strengthen the explanation, the speaker or writer needs some arguments as the fundamental reasons of the given idea. In other words, this kind of text can be called as argumentation. Hortatory exposition text can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines, newspaper articles, academic speech or lectures, research report etc. Hortatory expositions are popular among science, academic community and educated people. The generic structure of Hortatory exposition usually has three components: (1) Thesis, (2) Arguments and (3) Recommendation.

A.Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition

1. Thesis : Statement or announcement of issue concern
2. Arguments : Reasons for concern that will lead to recommendation
3. Recommendation : Statement of what should or should not happen or be done based on the given arguments

B.Generic Features of Hortatory Exposition

1.A Hortatory exposition focuses on generic human and non human participants, except for speaker or writer referring to self.
2.It uses mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speaker thinks or feels about something. For example: realize, feel etc.
3.It often needs material processes. It is used to state what happens, e.g. ….has polluted… etc.
4.It usually uses Simple Present Tense and Present Perfect Tense.
5.Enumeration is sometimes necessary to show the list of given arguments: Firstly, secondly …, Finally, etc.


Now read this text of Hortatory Exposition!

A Campaign of the Importance of Reading